Liquid crystals possess properties of both the liquid and solid phases, which results in the characteristic fluidity and optical birefringence (anisotropy) properties. Generally, the liquid crystal molecules consist of long chain moiety, rigid core and readily polarized functional groups. In some instances, they may form into plate shapes. In the liquid crystal state, the molecules are constrained to rotate, and line up into a regular array. Depending on how these molecules are arranged, the liquid crystal phases are classified as nematic, smectic or cholesteric phases. The regularity of these molecular arrangement is reflected in the anisotropic properties of permittivity and refractive index. Therefore, it is possible to control the optical property of the liquid crystal by changing the molecular arrangement electrically. The response speed of liquid crystals is fast due to the fluidity properties, and phase changes can easily occur both electrically and by heating.¹⁾ The application of liquid crystals for display purposes originated in HeiMeir when he and his co-workers (1968) reported using light scattering in the display material.²⁾ Since then, Schiff base³⁾ and azoxybenzene types⁴⁾ were also developed; both have shown liquid crystalline state at room temperature. These developments have fundamentally contributed to today's prosperity within the liquid crystal industry. Some related compounds are shown as follows.

Cholesteryl Compounds

Cholesteryl Alkyl Carbonates

Carbonates

Phenyl Esters

Schiff Bases

Benzidines

Azoxybenzenes

Cyanobiphenyls & Analogs

Nematic Crystals

Cholesteryl Compounds

C1260	C0319	C0320
C0668	C0694	C0618
C0671	C0672	C0673
C0619	C0692	C0674
C0620	C0321	C0675
C0334	C0559	C0322
N0347	C0693	C0676
C0323	C0617	C0677

C1260	Cholesterol 2,4-Dichlorobenzoate
C0319	Cholesterol Acetate
C0320	Cholesterol Benzoate
C0668	Cholesterol Butyrate
C0694	Cholesterol Chloroformate
C0618	Cholesterol Decanoate
C0671	Cholesterol Formate
C0672	Cholesterol Heptanoate
C0673	Cholesterol Hexanoate
C0619	Cholesterol Hydrocinnamate
C0692	Cholesterol Hydrogen Phthalate
C0674	Cholesterol Hydrogen Succinate
C0620	Cholesterol Laurate
C0321	Cholesterol Linoleate
C0675	Cholesterol Myristate
C0334	Cholesterol n-Octanoate
C0559	Cholesterol Oleate
C0322	Cholesterol Palmitate
N0347	Cholesterol Pelargonate
C0693	Cholesterol Phenylacetate
C0676	Cholesterol Propionate
C0323	Cholesterol Stearate
C0617	Cholesterol trans-Cinnamate
C0677	Cholesterol Valerate

Cholesteryl Alkyl Carbonates

C0720	C0718	C0716
B0264	C0725	C0719
C0717	C0715	C0721
B0256	C0691

C0720	Cholesterol Amyl Carbonate
C0718	Cholesterol Butyl Carbonate
C0716	Cholesterol Ethyl Carbonate
B0264	Cholesterol Heptyl Carbonate
C0725	Cholesterol Hexyl Carbonate
C0719	Cholesterol Isobutyl Carbonate
C0717	Cholesterol Isopropyl Carbonate
C0715	Cholesterol Methyl Carbonate
C0721	Cholesterol n-Octyl Carbonate
B0256	Cholesterol Nonyl Carbonate
C0691	Cholesterol Oleyl Carbonate

Carbonates

E0257	A0608	C0772
C0773	M0261

E0257	4-(4-Ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenyl Ethyl Carbonate
A0608	Amyl 4-(4-Ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenyl Carbonate
C0772	Amyl 4-Carboxyphenyl Carbonate
C0773	Butyl 4-Carboxyphenyl Carbonate
M0261	Methyl 4-(4'-Ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenyl Carbonate

Phenyl Esters

S0129	B1108	H0766
B1091	P0896	B1586
H0810	B0375	P0897
M2106	B1092	P0898
A0842	S0146	S0016
S0274	B0077	B0063
I0416	P0305	H0797
H0218	B0075	S0017
S0018	T1370

S0129	2-Carboxyphenyl Salicylate
B1108	2-Naphthyl Benzoate
H0766	4-(6-Hydroxyhexyloxy)benzoic Acid 4-Methoxyphenyl Ester
B1091	4-(Hexyloxy)phenyl 4-Butylbenzoate
P0896	4-Butoxyphenyl 4-Pentylbenzoate
B1586	4-Cyanophenyl 4-(3-Butenyloxy)benzoate
H0810	4-Cyanophenyl 4-Heptylbenzoate
B0375	4-Ethoxyphenyl 4-Butylbenzoate
P0897	4-Hexyloxyphenyl 4-Pentylbenzoate
M2106	4-Methoxyphenyl 4-(3-Butenyloxy)benzoate
B1092	4-n-Octyloxyphenyl 4-Butylbenzoate [Liquid Crystal]
P0898	4-n-Octyloxyphenyl 4-Pentylbenzoate
A0842	4-Nitrophenyl Anthranilate
S0146	4-Nitrophenyl Salicylate
S0016	4-Octylphenyl Salicylate
S0274	4-tert-Butylphenyl Salicylate
B0077	Benzoic Acid 3-Hydroxyphenyl Ester
B0063	Benzoic Acid 4-Chlorophenyl Ester
I0416	Diphenyl Isophthalate
P0305	Diphenyl Phthalate
H0797	Phenyl 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate
H0218	Phenyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
B0075	Phenyl Benzoate
S0017	Phenyl Salicylate
S0018	Salicylic Acid p-Tolyl Ester
T1370	Terephthalic Acid Bis[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl] Ester

Schiff Bases

B0253	B0252	B0374
C0743	C0744	C0742
E0262	E0240	H0419
M0605	B1713	M0583
M0604	M0588	M0603
B0261	B0255	M0602
B0372	E0254	B0250
M0581	M0275	M0582
B0875	B0871

B0253	4'-(Amyloxy)benzylidene-4-cyanoaniline
B0252	4'-Butoxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline
B0374	4'-Butoxycarbonyloxybenzylidene-4-methoxyaniline
C0743	4'-Cyanobenzylidene-4-butoxyaniline
C0744	4'-Cyanobenzylidene-4-ethoxyaniline
C0742	4'-Cyanobenzylidene-4-hexyloxyaniline
E0262	4'-Ethoxybenzylidene-4-butylaniline
E0240	4'-Ethoxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline
H0419	4'-Hexyloxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline
M0605	4-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxyaniline
B1713	4-Butoxybenzylidene-4'-pentylaniline
M0583	4-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]azobenzene
M0604	4-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]benzonitrile
M0588	4-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]cinnamic Acid
M0603	4-[(Methoxybenzylidene)amino]stilbene
B0261	Benzylidene-2-naphthylamine
B0255	Butyl 4-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]cinnamate
M0602	Ethyl 4-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]cinnamate
B0372	N-(4-Butoxybenzylidene)-4-acetylaniline
E0254	N-(4-Ethoxybenzylidene)-4-acetylaniline
B0250	N-(4-Methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline
M0581	N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-acetoxyaniline
M0275	N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline
M0582	N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)aniline
B0875	Terephthalbis(4-fluoroaniline)
B0871	Terephthalbis(p-phenetidine)

Benzidines

B0878

B0874

B0878	3,3'-Dichloro-N,N'-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzidine
B0874	N,N'-Bisbenzylidenebenzidine

Azoxybenzenes

A0554	A0683	D1123
D1093	D1096	D0553
D1092	D1518	D1094
A1065

A0554	4,4'-Azoxydianisole
A0683	4,4'-Azoxydiphenetole
D1123	4,4'-Di-n-octyloxyazoxybenzene
D1093	4,4'-Diamyloxyazoxybenzene
D1096	4,4'-Dibutoxyazoxybenzene
D0553	4,4'-Didodecyloxyazoxybenzene
D1092	4,4'-Dihexyloxyazoxybenzene
D1518	4,4'-Dinonyloxyazoxybenzene
D1094	4,4'-Dipropoxyazoxybenzene
A1065	Diethyl Azoxybenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylate

Cyanobiphenyls & Analogs

A1828	H0812	C1606
C1550	C1551

A1828	4-(trans-4-Amylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile
H0812	4-Cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl
C1606	4-Cyano-4'-heptyloxybiphenyl
C1550	4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl
C1551	4-Cyano-4'-pentyloxybiphenyl

Nematic Crystals

T0697	Liquid Crystal, TK-LQ 2040 Electric effect type, Mesomorphic range:20-40deg C [Nematic Liquid Crystal]
T0698	Liquid Crystal, TK-LQ 3680 Electric effect type, Mesomorphic range:36-80deg C [Nematic Liquid Crystal]
T0699	Liquid Crystal, TK-LQ 3858 Electric effect type, Mesomorphic range:38-58deg C [Nematic Liquid Crystal]