The first nematic liquid crystal material, a Schiff base types, were sensitive to moisture, while azoxybenzene types were sensitive to light. Therefore, research to improve the stability of liquid crystals to moisture and lights was undertaken by many. The chemically stable biphenylcarboxylates and cyanobiphenyls were developed one after another. The cyanobiphenyls were found to exceptional in possessing the necessary properties of display material. They exhibited low viscosity and low voltage operation, leading to many reports on the cyanobiphenyls. The phenylcyclohexane based liquid crystals also have low viscosity and high respons speeds, thus drawing to attention their use as display material. Furthermore, these bicylic liquid crystals were moddified by the addition of benzene and cyclohexane rings to produce tricyclic and tetracyclic liquid crystals. As a result, the upper range of temperature was increased. In recent years, further improvements in the various physical properties were made by introduction of fluorine and another functional groups to the liquid crystals, and there are now widely used. The optically active compounds are important components of chiral nematic liquid crystals and chiral smectic liquid crystals. More recently, antiferroelectric liquid crystals of the chiral smectic liquid crystal type, are now undergoing vigorous synthetic studies to develop novel liquid crystal compounds. Larger high-resolution display, are the target for the next generation of liquid crystal materials.

Biphenyls

Benzoic Acids

Benzaldehydes

Phenols

Anilines

Acetophenones

Benzonitriles

4-Alkylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids

4-Alkylbromobenzenes

Bifunctional Compounds

Building Blocks for Discotic Liquid Crystals

Chiral Compounds

Others

Biphenyls

A1410	A1322	B1866
B1304	H0690	B1305
B1306	B1986	C1239
H0812	C1606	H0523
C1741	C1550	C1551
D2041	D1090	D1082
D1127	D1089	E0463
F0704	H0708	H0709
H0710	H0711	H0767
H0819	H0695	B1924
O0214	P1133	P1212
P1037

A1410	4-Acetyl-4'-bromobiphenyl
A1322	4-Acetyl-4'-methylbiphenyl
B1866	4-Biphenyl Benzoate
B1304	4-Bromo-4'-heptylbiphenyl
H0690	4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
B1305	4-Bromo-4'-pentylbiphenyl
B1306	4-Bromo-4'-propylbiphenyl
B1986	4-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)benzoic Acid
C1239	4-Chloro-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
H0812	4-Cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl
C1606	4-Cyano-4'-heptyloxybiphenyl
H0523	4-Cyano-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
C1741	4-Cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl
C1550	4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl
C1551	4-Cyano-4'-pentyloxybiphenyl
D2041	4'-Decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic Acid
D1090	4,4'-Diamyloxybiphenyl
D1082	4,4'-Dibutoxybiphenyl
D1127	4,4'-Diethoxybiphenyl
D1089	4,4'-Dihexyloxybiphenyl
E0463	4-Ethylbiphenyl
F0704	4-Fluoro-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
H0708	4-Heptanoylbiphenyl
H0709	4-(4-Heptylphenyl)benzoic Acid
H0710	4-Hexanoylbiphenyl
H0711	4-(4-Hexylphenyl)benzoic Acid
H0767	4-(6-Hydroxyhexyloxy)-4'-methoxybiphenyl
H0819	4-Hydroxy-4'-methoxybiphenyl
H0695	4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
B1924	4-Octadecyloxybiphenyl
O0214	4-n-Octanoylbiphenyl
P1133	4-Pentylbiphenyl
P1212	4-Propionylbiphenyl
P1037	4-(4-Propylphenyl)benzoic Acid

Benzoic Acids

A0885	A1024	A0269
A0741	A0708	A0482
B1665	B0553	B1950
B1585	B0896	B0241
D2859	E0045	E0379
F0337	H0774	H0792
H0248	H0829	H0247
H0207	H0642	H0695
O0137	O0117	P0206
P0945	T0293	U0072

A0885	4-Acetoxybenzoic Acid
A1024	4-Acetylbenzoic Acid
A0269	4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A0741	4-Amylbenzoic Acid
A0708	4-Amyloxybenzoic Acid
A0482	p-Anisic Acid
B1665	4-Benzyloxybenzoic Acid
B0553	4-Bromobenzoic Acid
B1950	4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic Acid
B1585	4-(3-Butenyloxy)benzoic Acid
B0896	4-Butoxybenzoic Acid
B0241	4-Butylbenzoic Acid
D2859	4-(Dodecyloxy)benzoic Acid
E0045	4-Ethoxybenzoic Acid
E0379	4-Ethylbenzoic Acid
F0337	3-Fluoro-4-n-octyloxybenzoic Acid
H0774	4-Heptylbenzoic Acid
H0792	4-Heptylbenzoyl Chloride
H0248	4-(Heptyloxy)benzoic Acid
H0829	4-Hexylbenzoic Acid
H0247	4-(Hexyloxy)benzoic Acid
H0207	4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
H0642	4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695	4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
O0137	4-n-Octylbenzoic Acid
O0117	4-n-Octyloxybenzoic Acid
P0206	4-Propoxybenzoic Acid
P0945	4-Propylbenzoic Acid
T0293	p-Toluic Acid
U0072	4-Undecyloxybenzoic Acid

Benzaldehydes

A1467	A0707	A0480
B1325	B0549	B2002
B0126	B1014	D1124
E0042	E0325	H0238
H0166	H0198	O0223
O0116	P0182	T0259

A1467	4-Acetoxybenzaldehyde
A0707	4-Amyloxybenzaldehyde
A0480	p-Anisaldehyde
B1325	4-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde
B0549	4-Bromobenzaldehyde
B2002	4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde
B0126	4-Butoxybenzaldehyde
B1014	4-Butylbenzaldehyde
D1124	4-Decyloxybenzaldehyde
E0042	4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde
E0325	4-Ethylbenzaldehyde
H0238	4-Heptyloxybenzaldehyde
H0166	4-(Hexyloxy)benzaldehyde
H0198	4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
O0223	4-Octadecyloxybenzaldehyde
O0116	4-n-Octyloxybenzaldehyde
P0182	4-Propoxybenzaldehyde
T0259	p-Tolualdehyde

Phenols

A0384	A0728	P0843
H0239	B0945	B1835
H0690	B0787	B0923
B1026	C0400	D2304
E0216	E0159	F0160
H0441	H0615	H0439
H0611	H0198	H0207
H0642	H0695	M0123
H0825	O0140	P0955
P0698

A0384	4-Aminophenol
A0728	4-Amyloxyphenol
P0843	4-Amylphenol
H0239	4-Benzylphenol
B0945	2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane
B1835	4-Bromo-2-fluorophenol
H0690	4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
B0787	4-Bromophenol
B0923	4-Butoxyphenol
B1026	4-Butylphenol
C0400	p-Cresol
D2304	4-Dodecyl-o-cresol
E0216	4-Ethoxyphenol
E0159	4-Ethylphenol
F0160	4-Fluorophenol
H0441	4-Heptyloxyphenol
H0615	4-Heptylphenol
H0439	4-Hexyloxyphenol
H0611	4-Hexylphenol
H0198	4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
H0207	4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
H0642	4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695	4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
M0123	4-Methoxyphenol
H0825	4-Methoxyphenyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
O0140	4-n-Octyloxyphenol
P0955	4-Propoxyphenol
P0698	4-Propylphenol

Anilines

A0269	A0384	A0938
A0487	B1393	B1003
B0272	E0061	H0588
H0890	O0186	P0090
B0271	T0300

A0269	4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A0384	4-Aminophenol
A0938	4-Amylaniline
A0487	p-Anisidine
B1393	4-Bromoaniline
B1003	4-Butoxyaniline
B0272	4-Butylaniline
E0061	4-Ethylaniline
H0588	4-Heptylaniline
H0890	4-Hexylaniline
O0186	4-n-Octylaniline
P0090	p-Phenetidine
B0271	4-Propylaniline
T0300	p-Toluidine

Acetophenones

B0537	B1501	B1000
E0318	H0678	H0669
M0105	M0135	O0207
P1035	P1036

B0537	4'-Bromoacetophenone
B1501	4'-Butoxyacetophenone
B1000	4'-Butylacetophenone
E0318	4'-Ethylacetophenone
H0678	4'-Heptylacetophenone
H0669	4'-Hexylacetophenone
M0105	4'-Methoxyacetophenone
M0135	4'-Methylacetophenone
O0207	4'-n-Octylacetophenone
P1035	4'-Pentylacetophenone
P1036	4'-Propylacetophenone

Benzonitriles

A0695	A1213	A1249
B1365	B1426	C0135
C1141	C0443	C0445
C1182	C1985	C1299
H0523	E0703	F0221
H0778	C0842	P1617
T0307

A0695	4-Aminobenzonitrile
A1213	5-Amino-2-cyanobenzotrifluoride
A1249	4-Amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl
B1365	4-Benzyloxybenzonitrile
B1426	4-Bromobenzonitrile
C0135	4-Chlorobenzonitrile
C1141	4'-Cyanoacetophenone
C0443	4-Cyanobenzaldehyde
C0445	4-Cyanobenzoic Acid
C1182	4-Cyanobenzoyl Chloride
C1985	4-Cyanobenzyl Chloride
C1299	4-Cyanobiphenyl
H0523	4-Cyano-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
E0703	4-(trans-4-Ethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile
F0221	4-Fluorobenzonitrile
H0778	4-Heptylbenzonitrile
C0842	4-Hydroxybenzonitrile
P1617	4-(trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile
T0307	p-Tolunitrile

4-Alkylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids

B1136	B2986	M1621
M1783	P0944	P0943
P1656

B1136	trans-4-Butylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
B2986	4-Butylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
M1621	4-Methylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
M1783	trans-4-Methylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
P0944	trans-4-Pentylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
P0943	trans-4-Propylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
P1656	4-Propylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)

4-Alkylbromobenzenes

B1907	B1611	B1612
B1802	B1879	B1608
B1606	B1596	B1610
B2117	B1605	B1889
B0661

B1907	1-Bromo-4-butylbenzene
B1611	1-Bromo-4-decylbenzene
B1612	1-Bromo-4-dodecylbenzene
B1802	1-Bromo-4-dodecylbenzene
B1879	1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene
B1608	1-Bromo-4-heptylbenzene (stabilized with Copper chip)
B1606	1-Bromo-4-hexylbenzene
B1596	1-Bromo-4-nonylbenzene
B1610	1-Bromo-4-n-octylbenzene
B2117	1-Bromo-4-n-octylbenzene
B1605	1-Bromo-4-pentylbenzene
B1889	1-Bromo-4-propylbenzene
B0661	4-Bromotoluene

Bifunctional Compounds

A1024	A0269	A1278
A0384	B1665	B1104
B0537	B1393	B0549
B0553	H0690	H0198
H0207	H0612	H0642
H0695

A1024	4-Acetylbenzoic Acid
A0269	4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A1278	4-Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
A0384	4-Aminophenol
B1665	4-Benzyloxybenzoic Acid
B1104	4-(Benzyloxy)phenol
B0537	4'-Bromoacetophenone
B1393	4-Bromoaniline
B0549	4-Bromobenzaldehyde
B0553	4-Bromobenzoic Acid
H0690	4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
H0198	4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
H0207	4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
H0612	6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid
H0642	4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695	4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid

Building Blocks for Discotic Liquid Crystals

H0923	H1201	H0907
H0898

H0923	2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexaacetoxytriphenylene
H1201	2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene
H0907	2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenylene Hydrate
H0898	2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexamethoxytriphenylene

Chiral Compounds

B0925	B0926	C1377
C2109	C1365	C1371
C1372	C1373	L0144
M0170	L0136	M0965
M0964	H0704	H0705
H0702	H0703	L0163
M0966	M0963	O0144
O0145	P0743	P0744
P0795	P0796

B0925	(S)-(+)-2-Butanol
B0926	(R)-(-)-2-Butanol
C1377	(S)-2-Chlorobutyric Acid
C2109	(R)-2-Chlorobutyric Acid
C1365	(S)-2-Chloro-3-methylbutyric Acid
C1371	(S)-2-Chloro-4-methylvaleric Acid
C1372	(2S,3S)-2-Chloro-3-methylvaleric Acid
C1373	(S)-(-)-2-Chloropropionic Acid
L0144	Lithium L-Lactate
M0170	(S)-(-)-2-Methyl-1-butanol
L0136	Methyl D-(+)-Lactate
M0965	(S)-(+)-5-Methyl-1-heptanol
M0964	(S)-(+)-4-Methyl-1-hexanol
H0704	Methyl (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyrate
H0705	Methyl (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyrate
H0702	Methyl (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate
H0703	Methyl (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate
L0163	Methyl L-(-)-Lactate
M0966	(S)-(+)-6-Methyl-1-octanol
M0963	(S)-(+)-3-Methyl-1-pentanol
O0144	(S)-(+)-2-Octanol
O0145	(R)-(-)-2-Octanol
P0743	(S)-(+)-2-Pentanol
P0744	(R)-(-)-2-Pentanol
P0795	(R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl Alcohol
P0796	(S)-(-)-1-Phenylethyl Alcohol

Others

B2127	B0884	B1772
B2297	B2741	D2151
E0505	E0564	F0423
H0234	H0385	H1175
H0612	H0995	M0586
M0576	T1773

B2127	1-Benzyloxy-4-bromobenzene
B0884	4-Bromofluorobenzene
B1772	1-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene
B2297	4-Butylbenzoyl Chloride
B2741	4-Butyl-4'-hydroxychalcone
D2151	1,4-Diethynylbenzene
E0505	4-Ethynylaniline
E0564	1-Ethynyl-4-hexylbenzene
F0423	4-(4-Fluorophenylethynyl)phenol
H0234	2-Hydroxychalcone
H0385	2'-Hydroxychalcone
H1175	trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
H0612	6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid
H0995	6-Hydroxy-2-naphthonitrile
M0586	2-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]fluorene
M0576	4-Methoxycinnamic Acid
T1773	4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)